Enlarger is the most important piece of equipment in your darkroom. Enlarger consists of a head which contains a light source, negative carrier, a lens mount and a column for raising and lowering the head for varying image enlargement. When choosing an enlarger, consider the light source it uses, negative sizes, and whether they are specifically designed for b&w or color as well.

Enlarger Light Source

There are three systems available- condenser, diffusion, and  combined condenser - diffusion light sources. Condenser types use condenser lenses to focus light from enlarger bulb. Light is more intense with condenser type enlargers which makes focusing much easier. Also printing time is reduced. Diffusion types use incandescent light bulb and diffuse the light with a sheet of opal glass just above the negative. The only advantage with diffusion type enlargers is that due to soft light, scratches and small dust particles won't show up in the print. Also there is a less chance of damaging the negative due to extreme heat from the light bulb. The condenser - diffusion type uses an opal light bulb that puts out a very soft light through condenser head, thus producing a an image between condenser and diffusion type enlargers.

Purchasing An Enlarger

First thing to consider is the negative type. If you plan on doing only 35mm negatives, then there is no need to spend more on an enlarger which can print 6x6 format. On the other hand, if you shoot different format sizes, buy an enlarger that accommodates the larger negative size you shoot. Next consider whether or not you'll be printing in color. If so, an enlarger that has color filter drawer or better yet, a color head enlarger is best.

The enlarger column should be very rigid for total sharpness. Even a slight movement will cause an unsharp print during exposure. You can test the column by tapping it and noticing how much it shakes. Purchase an enlarger with gear-type rack-and-pinion system for precise focusing. Friction types can stick, causing problems in focusing. Lastly, check to make sure the enlarger column can accommodate the largest print size you'll be making. Its height should allow you to make desired print sizes or at least, you should be able to turn the column around for floor projection. Some enlarger models also allow you to move the head for wall projection.